Voz pasiva
Uso
El pasivo se utiliza cuando no se sabe o no es importante el sujeto de la acción.
| Ejemplo: | English is spoken by politicians from all over the world. |
Para expresar el sujeto de la acción en el pasivo, se emplea ‘by’.
| Ejemplo: | English is spoken by politicians from all over the world. |
Formación
Un verbo en pasivo se forma con el verbo ‘to be’ (is, are, was, were, have been) + participio pasado (p.ej. spoken, written).
| activo | pasivo | |
| presente simple: | Marie teaches French in Germany. | French is taught in Germany. |
| presente perfecto: | The writer has sold a million books. | A million books have been sold. |
| pasado simple: | They translated the text yesterday. | The text was translated yesterday. |
| futuro con ‘will’: | The landlady will serve breakfast at 7.00. | Breakfast will be served at 7.00. |
Uso
El pasivo se utiliza tanto en el inglés escrito como en el oral, pero en la forma escrita es más habitual. Sobre todo en noticias, en libros, en descripciones de un proceso de industria y en avisos y letreros.
| Ejemplos: | The bank robbers were caught. |
| Water is heated to the boiling point. | |
| English is spoken here. |
El pasivo en el presente simple
| forma positiva | forma negativa | |||
| Forma larga | Forma corta | Forma larga | Forma corta | |
| Formación | I am subscribed there. | I’m subscribed there. | I am not subscribed there. | I’m not subscribed there. |
| You/We/They are told to come. | You/We/They’re told to come. | You/We/They are not told to come. | You/We/They aren’t told to come. | |
| He/She/It is called with a French name. | He/She/It’s called with a French name. | He/She/It is not called with a French name. | He/She/It isn’t called with a French name. | |
| Preguntas | Am I subscribed there? | no existe | Am I not subscribed there? | Aren’t I subscribed there? |
| Are you/we/they told to come? | no existe | Are you/we/they not told to come? | Aren’t you/we/they told to come? | |
| Is he/she/it called with a French name? | no existe | Is he/she/it not called with a French name? | Isn’t he/she/it called with a French name? | |
El pasivo en el presente perfecto
| forma positiva | forma negativa | |||
| Forma larga | Forma corta | Forma larga | Forma corta | |
| Formación | I/ You/We/They have been introduced. | I/You/We/They’ve been introduced. | I/ You/We/They have not been introduced. | I/ You/We/They haven’t been introduced. |
| He/She/It has been sent the letter. | He/She/It’s been sent the letter. | He/She/It has not been sent the letter. | He/She/It hasn’t been sent the letter. | |
| Preguntas | Have I/you/we/they introduced? | no existe | Have I/you/we/they notintroduced? | Haven’t I/you/we/they introduced? |
| Has he/she/it been sent the letter? | no existe | Has he/she/it not been sent the letter? | Hasn’t he/she/it been sent the letter? | |
El pasivo en el pasado
| forma positiva | forma negativa | ||
| Forma larga | Forma larga | Forma corta | |
| Formación | I/He/She/It was introduced. | I/He/She/It was not introduced. | I/He/She/It wasn’t introduced. |
| You/We/They were called. | You/We/They were not called. | You/We/They weren’t called. | |
| Preguntas | Was I/he/she/it introduced? | Was I/he/she/it not introduced? | Wasn’t I/he/she/it introduced? |
| Were you/we/they called? | Were you/we/they not called? | Weren’t you/we/they called? | |
El pasivo en el futuro con will
| forma positiva | forma negativa | |||
| Forma larga | Forma corta | Forma larga | Forma corta | |
| Formación |
I/You/He/She/It/ We/They will be introduced. |
I/You/He/She/It/ We/They’ll be introduced. |
I/You/He/She/It/ We/They will not be introduced. |
I/You/He/She/It/ We/They won’t be introduced. |
| Preguntas |
Will I/you/he/she/it/ we/they be introduced? | no existe |
Will I/you/he/she/it/ we/they not be introduced? |
Won’t I/you/he/she/it/ we/they be introduced? |