Nepriama reč a nepriame otázky
Nepriama reč - použitie
Nepriama reč sa používa pre oznámenie ostatným, čo niekto iný povedal, alebo si myslí. Vychádza sa z priamej reči hovorcu, ktorá sa zasadí do nového rámca zmenou slovesného tvaru a slovosledu.
| Príklady: | “I am going on holiday next week.” (priama reč) |
| He said he was going on holiday next week. (nepriama reč) |
Tvorenie
Nepriama reč začína hlavnou vetou, ktorá obsahuje podmet a oznamujúce sloveso. Najčastejšie slovesá sú ‘say (said)’, ‘tell (told)’ a ‘ask (asked)’.
| Príklady: | He said he would call back this afternoon. |
| She told me she wanted to come at 3 o’clock. |
Medzi ostatné slovesá patrí: admit, complain, confess, demand, explained, insist, promise, remind, warn a wonder.
Pokiaľ je oznamujúce sloveso v minulom čase (said, told, asked), mení sa slovesný čas u slovies z priamej reči.
| Príklady: | He said he was going on holiday next week. |
| Alebo | |
| He said he would call back this afternoon. |
Tu je zoznam zmien v slovesnom čase z priamej do nepriamej reči.
| priama reč | nepriama reč |
| Prítomný čas jednoduchý | Minulý čas jednoduchý |
| ‘/I say/ I am in Prague.’ | He said he was in Prague. |
| prítomný čas priebehový | minulý čas priebehový |
| ‘/I say/ I am staying at the hotel.’ | She said she was staying at the hotel. |
| going to | was/were going to |
| ‘/I say/ I am going to learn Spanish.’ | He said he was going to learn Spanish. |
| Minulý čas jednoduchý | predminulý čas |
| ‘/I say/ I went to Paris.’ | He said he had gone to Paris. |
| predprítomný čas | predminulý čas |
| ‘/I say/ I have seen the movie.’ | She said she had seen the movie. |
| predprítomný čas priebehový | predminulý čas priebehový |
| ‘/I say/ I have been having driving lessons.’ | She said she had been having driving lessons. |
| predminulý čas | predminulý čas |
| ‘/I say/ I had spoken to him.’ | He said he had spoken to him. |
| will, can, may | would, could, might |
| ‘/I say/ I will do it.’ | She said she would do it. |
| ‘/I say/ I can do it.’ | She said she could do it. |
| ‘/I say/ I may do it.’ | She said she might do it. |
Modálne slovesá ‘would’, ‘could’, ‘might’, ‘must’ a ‘should’ v nepriamej reči svoj tvar nemenia.
| ‘/I say/ I would do it.’ | She said she would do it. |
| ‘/I say/ I could do it.’ | She said she could do it. |
| ‘/I say/ I might do it.’ | She said she might do it. |
| ‘/I say/ I must do it.’ | She said she must do it. |
| ‘/I say/ I should do it.’ | She said she should do it. |
Zvlášť sa mení podľa pohľadu hovorcu.
| Príklady: | ‘I saw you yesterday.’ (priama reč) |
| He said he had seen me the day before. (nepriama reč) | |
| ‘You must be careful.’ (priama reč) | |
| She warned us to be careful. (nepriama reč) |
Poznámka: Pokiaľ informácie, o ktorých hovoríme, stále platia, slovesný čas sa nemení.
| Príklady: | ‘I love you.’ |
| She said she loves me. |
Často sa pre priamu reč používajú slovesá ako napr. ‘admit’, ‘complain’, ‘confess’, ‘demand’, ‘explain’, ‘insist’, ‘promise’, ‘remind’, ‘warn’ a ‘wonder’.
| Príklady: | “I’ll phone you tomorrow.” (priama reč) |
| He promised to phone her the following day. (nepriama reč) | |
| “I want to see the manager and I want to see him now.” (priama reč) | |
| He insisted on seeing the manager immediately. (nepriama reč) |
Nepriame otázky - použitie
Tak isto ako u nepriamej reči možno taktiež prevádzať otázky.
| Príklady: | “When were you born?” (priama otázka) |
| He asked when I was born. (nepriama otázka) |
Tvorenie
Keď tvoríme nepriamu otázku, jej tvar sa stáva vedľajšou vetou, takže podmet obvykle stojí pred slovesom a pomocné sloveso ‘do’ sa už neopakuje.
Existujú dva typy priamych otázok.
Zisťovacie otázky (odpoveďou je „áno“ alebo „nie“)
V tomto prípade sa pridáva ‘if’ pred nepriamu otázku
| Priame otázky | Nepriame otázky | |
| Príklady: | Do you often go to the cinema? | He asked me if I often went to the cinema. |
| Have you got any brothers or sisters? |
He asked me if I had any brothers or sisters. (‘got’ pri slovese ‘have’ sa používa len v prítomnom čase jednoduchom) |
|
| Were they there yesterday? | He asked me if they had been there the day before. | |
| Will you come? | He asked me if I would come. |
Otázky doplňovacie (odpoveďou je celá veta)
Opytovacia častica v nepriamej otázke ostáva.
| Priame otázky | Nepriame otázky | |
| Príklady: | ‘How often do you get an attack?’ |
The doctor asked me how often I got an attack. (Nie, ‘The doctor asked me how often did you get an attack’.) |
| ‘Where do you work?’ | He asked me where I worked. | |
| ‘Why did you go there?’ | He asked me why I had gone there. | |
| ‘What are you going to do?’ | He asked me what I was going to do. |