Trpný rod
Použitie
Trpný rod slovesa sa používa, keď činiteľ deja nie je známy alebo ni je dôležitý.
| Príklad: | English is spoken by politicians from all over the world. |
Pokiaľ chcete povedať kto , alebo čo vykonalo danú činnosť, môžete použiť ‘by’.
| Príklad: | English is spoken by politicians from all over the world. |
Tvorenie
Sloveso v trpnom rode je formou slovesa ‘to be’ (is, are, was, were, have been) + príčastia minulého/ tretieho tvaru (napr.: spoken, written).
| činný rod | trpný rod | |
| Prítomný čas jednoduchý: | Marie teaches French in Germany. | French is taught in Germany. |
| predprítomný čas jednoduchý: | The writer has sold a million books. | A million books have been sold. |
| minulý čas jednoduchý: | They translated the text yesterday. | The text was translated yesterday. |
| budúci čas tvorený pomocou ‘will’: | The landlady will serve breakfast at 7.00. | Breakfast will be served at 7.00. |
Použitie
Trpný rod sa používa v písanej i hovorenej reči, ale je obvyklejší v písanej forme. Predovšetkým v novinových správach, knihách, v popise postupu v priemysle a v upozorneniach a nápisoch.
| Príklady: | The bank robbers were caught. |
| Water is heated to the boiling point. | |
| English is spoken here. |
Trpný rod v prítomnom čase jednoduchom
| kladný tvar | záporný tvar | |||
| Plný tvar | Skrátený tvar | Plný tvar | Skrátený tvar | |
| Oznamovacie vety | I am subscribed there. | I’m subscribed there. | I am not subscribed there. | I’m not subscribed there. |
| You/We/They are told to come. | You/We/They’re told to come. | You/We/They are not told to come. | You/We/They aren’t told to come. | |
| He/She/It is called with a French name. | He/She/It’s called with a French name. | He/She/It is not called with a French name. | He/She/It isn’t called with a French name. | |
| Otázka | Am I subscribed there? | neexistuje | Am I not subscribed there? | Aren’t I subscribed there? |
| Are you/we/they told to come? | neexistuje | Are you/we/they not told to come? | Aren’t you/we/they told to come? | |
| Is he/she/it called with a French name? | neexistuje | Is he/she/it not called with a French name? | Isn’t he/she/it called with a French name? | |
Trpný rod v predprítomnom čase
| kladný tvar | záporný tvar | |||
| Plný tvar | Skrátený tvar | Plný tvar | Skrátený tvar | |
| Oznamovacie vety | I/ You/We/They have been introduced. | I/You/We/They’ve been introduced. | I/ You/We/They have not been introduced. | I/ You/We/They haven’t been introduced. |
| He/She/It has been sent the letter. | He/She/It’s been sent the letter. | He/She/It has not been sent the letter. | He/She/It hasn’t been sent the letter. | |
| Otázka | Have I/you/we/they introduced? | neexistuje | Have I/you/we/they notintroduced? | Haven’t I/you/we/they introduced? |
| Has he/she/it been sent the letter? | neexistuje | Has he/she/it not been sent the letter? | Hasn’t he/she/it been sent the letter? | |
Trpný rod v minulom čase
| kladný tvar | záporný tvar | ||
| Plný tvar | Plný tvar | Skrátený tvar | |
| Oznamovacie vety | I/He/She/It was introduced. | I/He/She/It was not introduced. | I/He/She/It wasn’t introduced. |
| You/We/They were called. | You/We/They were not called. | You/We/They weren’t called. | |
| Otázka | Was I/he/she/it introduced? | Was I/he/she/it not introduced? | Wasn’t I/he/she/it introduced? |
| Were you/we/they called? | Were you/we/they not called? | Weren’t you/we/they called? | |
Trpný rod v budúcom čase s will
| kladný tvar | záporný tvar | |||
| Plný tvar | Skrátený tvar | Plný tvar | Skrátený tvar | |
| Oznamovacie vety |
I/You/He/She/It/ We/They will be introduced. |
I/You/He/She/It/ We/They’ll be introduced. |
I/You/He/She/It/ We/They will not be introduced. |
I/You/He/She/It/ We/They won’t be introduced. |
| Otázka |
Will I/you/he/she/it/ we/they be introduced? | neexistuje |
Will I/you/he/she/it/ we/they not be introduced? |
Won’t I/you/he/she/it/ we/they be introduced? |