Strona bierna
Użycie
Czasownik w stronie biernej używany jest, kiedy nie wiemy lub kiedy nie jest ważne, kto wykonuje czynność.
| Przykład: | English is spoken by politicians from all over the world. |
Jeżeli chcesz powiedzieć kto lub co wykonało czynność, użyj ‘by’.
| Przykład: | English is spoken by politicians from all over the world. |
Tworzenie
Czasownik w stronie biernej tworzony jest za pomocą czasownika ‘to be’ (is, are, was, were, have been) oraz imiesłowu biernego(np. spoken, written).
| strona czynna | strona bierna | |
| present simple (czas teraźniejszy prosty): | Marie teaches French in Germany. | French is taught in Germany. |
| czas teraźniejszy dokonany: | The writer has sold a million books. | A million books have been sold. |
| czas past simple (przeszły prosty): | They translated the text yesterday. | The text was translated yesterday. |
| ‘will’-przyszłość: | The landlady will serve breakfast at 7.00. | Breakfast will be served at 7.00. |
Użycie
Strony biernej używamy zarówno w mowie, jak i w piśmie, lecz jest ona bardziej powszechna w piśmie, zwłaszcza w reportażach, książkach, opisywaniu procesów zachodzących w przemyśle oraz w ostrzeżeniach i na znakach.
| Przykłady: | The bank robbers were caught. |
| Water is heated to the boiling point. | |
| English is spoken here. |
Strona bierna w czasie present simple (teraźniejszy prosty)
| forma twierdząca | forma przecząca | |||
| Forma długa | Forma krótka | Forma długa | Forma krótka | |
| Składanie oświadczeń | I am subscribed there. | I’m subscribed there. | I am not subscribed there. | I’m not subscribed there. |
| You/We/They are told to come. | You/We/They’re told to come. | You/We/They are not told to come. | You/We/They aren’t told to come. | |
| He/She/It is called with a French name. | He/She/It’s called with a French name. | He/She/It is not called with a French name. | He/She/It isn’t called with a French name. | |
| Pytania | Am I subscribed there? | nie istnieje | Am I not subscribed there? | Aren’t I subscribed there? |
| Are you/we/they told to come? | nie istnieje | Are you/we/they not told to come? | Aren’t you/we/they told to come? | |
| Is he/she/it called with a French name? | nie istnieje | Is he/she/it not called with a French name? | Isn’t he/she/it called with a French name? | |
Strona bierna w czasie present perfect
| forma twierdząca | forma przecząca | |||
| Forma długa | Forma krótka | Forma długa | Forma krótka | |
| Składanie oświadczeń | I/ You/We/They have been introduced. | I/You/We/They’ve been introduced. | I/ You/We/They have not been introduced. | I/ You/We/They haven’t been introduced. |
| He/She/It has been sent the letter. | He/She/It’s been sent the letter. | He/She/It has not been sent the letter. | He/She/It hasn’t been sent the letter. | |
| Pytania | Have I/you/we/they introduced? | nie istnieje | Have I/you/we/they notintroduced? | Haven’t I/you/we/they introduced? |
| Has he/she/it been sent the letter? | nie istnieje | Has he/she/it not been sent the letter? | Hasn’t he/she/it been sent the letter? | |
Strona bierna w czasie przeszłym
| forma twierdząca | forma przecząca | ||
| Forma długa | Forma długa | Forma krótka | |
| Składanie oświadczeń | I/He/She/It was introduced. | I/He/She/It was not introduced. | I/He/She/It wasn’t introduced. |
| You/We/They were called. | You/We/They were not called. | You/We/They weren’t called. | |
| Pytania | Was I/he/she/it introduced? | Was I/he/she/it not introduced? | Wasn’t I/he/she/it introduced? |
| Were you/we/they called? | Were you/we/they not called? | Weren’t you/we/they called? | |
Strona bierna w czasie przyszłym z will
| forma twierdząca | forma przecząca | |||
| Forma długa | Forma krótka | Forma długa | Forma krótka | |
| Składanie oświadczeń |
I/You/He/She/It/ We/They will be introduced. |
I/You/He/She/It/ We/They’ll be introduced. |
I/You/He/She/It/ We/They will not be introduced. |
I/You/He/She/It/ We/They won’t be introduced. |
| Pytania |
Will I/you/he/she/it/ we/they be introduced? | nie istnieje |
Will I/you/he/she/it/ we/they not be introduced? |
Won’t I/you/he/she/it/ we/they be introduced? |