Pronouns “en” and “y”

the pronominal adverb en is a substitute for

de + place adverbial

Je reviens de la banque. J’en reviens.
I’m coming back from the bank. I’m coming from over there.

en is a substitute for abstractions or non-animate nouns presented by the preposition de

the indirect object with the preposition de

Les enfants ont besoin de nouveaux cartables. Ils en ont besoin.
Children need new schoolbags. They need them.

But:

Je me souviens du prof de yoga. Je me souviens de lui.
I remember the professor of yoga. I remember him.

As it was said earlier, the pronoun en is a substitute for non-animate nouns only. Therefore animate nouns with the preposition de are replaced by independent stressed pronouns (moi, toi, lui, elle...).

en in quantity expressions

en replaces a separate article

Tu as bu du vin? Tu en as bu?
Tu n’as pas bu de vin? Tu n’en as pas bu?

Usage of the partitive article see Partitive article

en replaces nouns presented by quantity expressions

The quantity expression is repeated in this cases. The quantity in a sentence can be specified by:

- adverbs

Tu as beaucoup/peu/trop d’argent? Tu en as beaucoup/peu/trop.

- nouns (une bouteille, un litre, une livre, un kilo)

J’ai acheté une bouteille de pastis. J’en ai acheté une bouteille.

- numerals (un, deux...)

Tu as une voiture? Tu en as une?

- indefinite pronouns (plusieurs, quelques-un(e)s)

Tu as plusieurs chats? Tu en as plusieurs?
J´ai trouvé quelques livres. en ai trouvé quelques-uns.

the pronominal adverb y replaces non-animate nouns after the prepositions à, sur, sous, dans, en...

adverbial of place

Je retourne à la piscine dimanche. J’y retourne dimanche.
I’m coming back to swimming pool on Sunday. I’m going there on Sunday.

Nous sommes devant l´école.


Nous y sommes.
We’re in front of school. We’re there.

y replaces non-animate nouns in an indirect subject (à + )noun)

Elle pense souvent au stage de yoga. Elle y pense souvent.

Note:
We use pronouns as indirect object when we speak about animate nouns introduced by preposition[% à %] see Indirect object pronouns

Je téléphone à Michel. Je lui téléphone.

Some verbs in this cases use independent stressed pronouns:

Il pense à ses clients. Il pense à eux.

Verb + à
Animate nouns (persons) Non-animate nouns (things)
me à moi y
te à toi
lui à lui/elle
nous à nous
vous à vous
leur à eux/elles
e.g. e.g. e.g.
demander penser aller
dire rêver habiter
écrire faire attention partir
expliquer s’intéresser faire attention
montrer s’habituer penser

Verb + de
Persons Things
de moi en
de toi
de lui/d’elle
de nous
de vous
d’eux/d’elles
e.g. e.g.
parler (re)venir
se souvenir rentrer
parler
se souvenir
Grammar
Summary of Grammar Terminology
Question
Negation
Gender of the Nouns
Plural
Article
Dependent Possessive Pronouns
Dependent Demonstrative Pronouns
Dependent Interrogative Pronoun of “quel” (= what, which)
Agreement of Adjectives
Adjective Placement
Subject Pronouns
Object Pronouns
Stressed Independent Personal Pronouns
Auxiliary Verbs
Class 1 Verbs
Class 2 Verbs
Verbs Ending in “-re”
Irregular verbs
Class 1 Verbs
Verbs Ending in “-ir” and “-re”
Forming the Past Compound Tense
Using the Auxiliary Verbs
Forming the Past Participle
Immediate Future
Recent Past
Summary of Grammar Terminology
Adjectives
Adverbs
Nouns
Formation of Adverbs
Simple Adverbs
Time Expressions
Pronoun „tout“
Pronouns „tout, tous“
Intensifying Cleft Sentences
Pronouns of Indirect Object
Pronouns “en” and “y”
Relative Pronouns
Extended Interrogative Independent Pronouns
Agreement of Past Participle
Reflexive Verbs
Imperfect
Conditional
Future tense
Subjunctive
Conjugation of Auxiliary Verbs
List of Conjugations
Grammar - Facettes plus
Questions
Negation
Emphasizing Sentence Constructions “c’est... qui”, “c’est... que”
Gender of the Nouns
Plural
Articles
Dependent Possessive Pronouns
Dependent Demonstrative Pronouns
Dependent Interrogative Pronoun of “quel” (= what, which)
Indefinite Pronouns
Agreement of Adjectives
Adjective Placement
Comparison of Adjectives
Comparison of Adverbs
Nouns - Comparing
Formation of Adverbs
Irregular Adverbs
Placement of an Adverb in a Sentence
Time details
Pronouns
Subject Pronouns
Stressed Independent Personal Pronouns
Direct Object Pronouns
Pronouns of Indirect Object
Pronouns “en” and “y”
Order of Two Pronouns in a Sentence
Relative Pronouns
Extended Interrogative Independent Pronouns
Independent Demonstrative Pronoun
Independent Possessive Pronoun
Indefinite Pronouns
Auxiliary Verbs “avoir” and “être”
Class 1 Verbs (Ended in „-er“)
Verbs of the 2nd Class (Ended in „-ir“)
Verbs Ended in “-re”. Paradigm: “vendre”
Reflexive Verbs
Imperative of the 1st Class Verbs Ended in “-er”
Imperative of Reflexive Verbs
Imperative of the Rest of Verbs
Placement of Pronouns in Imperative
Forming Compound Past Tense (passé composé)
Using the Auxiliary Verbs “avoir” and “être”
Reflexive Verbs
Forming the Past Participle (participe passé)
Agreement of Past Participle in “passé composé”
Forming
Usage
Forming
Usage
Forms
Usage
Close Past (passé récent)
Close Future (futur proche)
Forming
Usage of the Present Conditional
Usage of the Future Tense
Forming
Usage
Forms
Usage
Idioms and Verbs Connected to Subjunctive (Subjonctif)
Subjunctive after Conjunctions
Infinitive or Subjunctive (subjonctif)
Forming
Usage
Participle (gérondif)
Forming
Usage
Replacing the Passive
Forming
Changes in the Reported Speech
Forming
Change in the Indirect Question
Conjugation of Auxiliary Verbs
List of Conjugations